Somiedo

– The most crucial aspect of the biosphere reserve is the harmonious interaction between human activity and the environment. The most visible example is the rich heritage of rural architecture in Somiedo. The “cabanas de teito de escoba” and the “corros” (stone constructions with a false vaulted stone roof) are the most significant group of green-roofed buildings in Western Europe. They serve as a prime example of utilizing local materials. Originally used as dwellings and now providing shelter for livestock, these structures define the distinctive image of Somiedo. The olleras (structures used to keep freshly milked milk cool in the mountain pastures) are another singular and unique element of the Reserve.

These constructions, used as frescoes, showcase well-preserved examples that visitors should not miss. Completing the rich cultural heritage of the Somiedo Biosphere Reserve are “hórreos” (traditional grain stores) and mills. In the valleys of Somiedo, one can observe herds of cattle, leisurely ruminating.

Managed much as they have been for centuries, they continue their seasonal migration from the valley to the mountain passes. This short transhumance allows them to graze on lush pastures before returning to the valleys as winter approaches and weather conditions deteriorate. In these passes, “brañas” and “majadas” (sheepfolds) are established, providing shelter for shepherds and their flocks.

The “vaqueiros de alzada”, a social group dedicated to livestock care, raised their dwellings to accompany their herds. They undertook a more extended transhumance, travelling from coastal councils where they spent the winter to the ports of Somiedo, where they fattened the livestock during the summer. They also engaged in muleteering, enduring marginalization from the rest of the population. Over time, they developed their unique culture and customs, leaving an indelible mark on the landscape and folklore.

The Ecomuseum of Somiedo comprises various nuclei organized around rural houses, showcasing the ways of life and behaviors of rural society. In the village of Caunedo, there is an exhibition on transhumance and a presentation on the traditional trades of the Reserve. In the village of Veigas, you’ll find three houses with broom sheds, preserving the way they were in times when they were inhabited.